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Lots of other Scientologist-run services and companies come from the umbrella company World Institute of Scientology Enterprises (WISE), which licenses the usage of Hubbard's management teachings, and distributes directory sites of WISE-affiliated organizations. WISE needs those who wish to become Hubbard management consults to complete training in Hubbard's administrative systems; this training can be carried out at any Church of Scientology, or at one of the campuses of the Hubbard College of Administration, which provides an Associate of Applied Science Degree.


Another popular WISE-affiliated organization is e. Republic, a publishing company based in Folsom, California. e. Republic publications consist of Government Innovation and Converge magazines. The Center for Digital Federal government is a department of e. Republic that was established in 1999 - Scientology Perth opening. Internet ISP EarthLink was established by Scientologists Sky Dayton and Reed Slatkin as a Scientology business.


This area requires expansion. You can assist by contributing to it. In order to help with the ongoing expansion of Scientology, the Church has actually made efforts to win allies in the type of powerful or respected people. Though it has actually obtained some trustworthiness as a faith in lots of countries, Scientology has likewise been referred to as both a cult and a commercial enterprise.


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For example, it has actually been kept in mind to engage in harassment and abuse of civil courts to silence its critics, by identifying as Fair Game people it views as its opponents. In 1979, several Scientology members were convicted for their participation in the church's Operation Snow White, the biggest theft of government documents in U.S.


Scientologists were also founded guilty of fraud, manslaughter and tampering with witnesses in French cases, malicious libel versus legal representative Casey Hill and espionage in Canada. In his book World Religions in America, spiritual scholar Jacob Neusner states that Scientology's "high level of presence" might be perceived as "threatening to established social institutions".


From 1952 up until 1966, Scientology was administered by an organization called the Hubbard Association of Scientologists (HAS), developed in Arizona on September 10, 1952. In 1954, the HAS became the HASI (HAS International). The Church of Scientology was incorporated in California on February 18, 1954, changing its name to "The Church of Scientology of California" (CSC) in 1956.


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In 1967, the Internal Revenue Service stripped all US-based Scientology entities of their tax exemption, stating Scientology's activities were commercial and run for the benefit of Hubbard. Debate followed the church on those years, but its growth continued in the 1960s. New churches were formed in Paris (1959 ), Denmark (1968 ), Sweden (1969 ), and Germany (1970 ).




Centers of Scientology remained in 52 countries by the time the 80s came in and grew to 74 by 1992. The church took legal action against and lost repeatedly for 26 years trying to regain its tax-exempt status. The case was ultimately settled in 1993, at which time the church paid $12. 5 million to the IRSgreatly less than IRS had at first demandedand the Internal Revenue Service acknowledged the church as a tax-exempt nonprofit company.




Scientology cites its tax exemption as proof the United States federal government accepts it as a faith. In January 2009, removal of the tax exemption was ranked as number 9 in items for the incoming Barack Obama administration to investigate, as figured out in an internet poll run by the presidential transition group getting public input for the incoming administration. Perth Scientology.


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State Department has slammed Western European nations for discrimination against Scientologists in its released annual International Religious Flexibility report, based upon the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998. In some countries Scientology is treated legally as a company, and not as a religion or charitable company. [] In early 2003, in Germany, The Church of Scientology was granted a tax-exemption for the 10% license charges sent see this to the United States. The word Scientology (and many associated terms, including L. Ron Hubbard) is a registered hallmark. Religious Technology Center, the owner of the hallmarks and copyrights, takes a difficult line on individuals and groups who attempt to use it in methods unaffiliated with the main Church (see Scientology and the legal system).


Ron Hubbard designated Mary Sue Hubbard to take control of specific aspects of legal defense for the CoS in 1968 and the Office of The Guardian was created with its head office situated at Saint Hill Manor. Under The Guardian's Office (later relabelled the Office of Unique Affairs or OSA), Church members and contracted staff from Bureau One later arranged and dedicated among the largest penetration of United States federal companies ever perpetrated by an organization not connected with a foreign government (that is, one such as the KGB).




In the trial which followed the discovery of these activities the prosecution explained their actions as such: The criminal offense committed by these offenders is of a breadth and scope previously unheard of. No structure, office, desk, or file was safe from their snooping and spying. No individual or company was complimentary from their despicable conspiratorial minds.


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The Church has likewise in the past utilized aggressive methods in addressing explanation those it views as trying to reduce them, referred to as Suppressive Individuals (SPs) initially laid out by Hubbard as part of a policy called fair video game. It was under this policy that Paulette Cooper was targeted for having authored, a 1970 expos book about the Church and its creator.


Utilizing blank paper understood to have actually been dealt with by Cooper, Scientologists created bomb dangers in her name. When finger prints on them matched hers, the Justice Department began prosecution, which could have sent out Cooper to jail for a lengthy term. The Church's plan was found at the exact same time as its Operation Snow White actions were special info exposed.

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